Ludwig, Natasha N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-7267
Licari, Melissa K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-5323
Wojnaroski, Mary https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5595-0419
Conecker, Gabrielle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-0292
Hecker, JayEtta https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2704-5044
Hommer, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4800-6182
Muzyczka, Kelly https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-0692
Jacoby, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5092-7697
Downs, Jenny https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-9037
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Western Australia
Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 14 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
:
: JD: Consultancy for Marinus, Ultragenyx, Acadia, Avexis, Orion, Takeda, Neurogene and Taysha; Clinical Trials with Anavex and Newron; Consulting/Advisory Board member for SCN2A Australia. Any remuneration has been made to her department. The remaining authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and determined to be exempt by the North Star Ethics Review Board (protocol # NB300112), with acknowledgement from the institution review boards of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Additionally, the study received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee at The University of Western Australia (2019/RA/4/20/6198).
: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents participating in this study.