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Authors
Lee, Hyunjung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0783-5484
Ng, Ding Quan
Lee, Dongjun
Baeker Bispo, Jordan
Jemal, Ahmedin
Islami, Farhad
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: Because the use of this data set is considered non-human subject research by the All of Us Research Program IRB, approval of specific projects by any IRB is not necessary. This is an observational study. Secondary analyses of deidentified data in the current study are not required to undergo a separate IRB review as there is no direct participant contact and all potentially identifying information has been removed from available data from the Researcher Workbench.
