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Article History

Received: 20 August 2025

Accepted: 30 January 2026

First Online: 1 March 2026

Declarations

:

: For ‘Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health’ (i.e., the original three ALSWH cohorts), ethics approval was obtained from University of Newcastle (UoN) Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) in 1995. (Clearance No: H 076 0795). The University of Queensland (UQ) Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC) provided approval for ‘Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health’ in April 2004 (No: 2004000224). After the restructure of the UQ HREC, the new UQ approval number is 2004/HE000224, and the approval period is until 31 December 2030. For ‘Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (Data Linkage Project)’ was obtained from the UoN HREC on 31 January 2012 (Clearance No: H-2011-0371) and from the UQ MREC on 9 February 2012 (No: 2012000132). After the restructure of the UQ HREC, the new UQ approval number is 2012/HE000132, and the approval period is until 31 December 2030.

: KC declares she is co-PI of an investigator-initiated trial of HPV screening in Australia (‘Compass’), which is conducted by the Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer (ACPCC), a government-funded health promotion charity. The ACPCC has previously received equipment and a funding contribution for the Compass trial from the Australian government, Roche Molecular Systems USA and Microbix. She is also co-PI on a major implementation program “Elimination Partnership for Cervical Cancer in the Indo-Pacific” which receives support from the Australian government, the Minderoo Foundation and equipment donations from Cepheid Inc. The authors have no other relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.