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Authors
Zhang, Mengyuan
Cai, Yingying
Hou, Yue
Ma, Bin
Chen, Ou
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172543)
the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MH006)
the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2019GSF108198)
the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Team Project of Shandong University (IFYT1811, IFYT18036, and IFYT18037)
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 1 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: This research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University (Approval Number: 2023-R-046).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the data.
