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Authors
Lee, Haein https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-4148
Lee, Bo Gyeong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-1287
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dankook University
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 3 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was granted an exemption from review by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu Catholic University because only de-identified secondary data were used (IRB No. CUIRB-2025-E004).
: All participants provided informed consent during the original data collection conducted by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
