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Authors
Teow, Eau Liang https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8173-6057
Zhang, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-4468
Tan, Wei Loong Barry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0501-3698
Kong, Chee Hoe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-6911
Sivasubramanian, Harish https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9693-116X
Li, Xun https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6135-508X
Tan, Melvin Kian Loong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-1691
Liau, Zi Qiang Glen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-9237
Bansback, Nick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1510-3462
Luo, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-6979
Tam, Wai San Wilson https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-3060
Cheng, Ling Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-578X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National University of Singapore Development Grant
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 3 May 2026
Declarations
Conflict of Interest Statement: Ling Jie Cheng serves as an Associate Editor of Quality of Life Research. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial or non-financial interests in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
Ethical approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the Domain Specific Review Board, National Healthcare Group, Singapore (DSRB 2024/00191). All registry data were de-identified and anonymised prior to analysis.
Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the registry and analysis.
