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Authors
Schuster, Anne L R https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-1712
Snyder, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-4561
Haverman, Lotte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-0562
Cracchiolo, Jennifer R
Schougaard, Liv Marit Valen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-2569
Cizik, Amy M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-2617
Sandhu, Alex Tarlochan Singh
Brundage, Michael
Crossnohere, Norah L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-1330
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer (The PROTEUS Consortium is funded through independent education grants from Pfizer.)
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Declarations
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: Competing Interests: Drs. Schuster, Snyder and Crossnohere receive research funding through their institutions from Pfizer. Dr. Snyder receives personal fees from Shionogi (previous), Movember (current), and Pfizer (current). Dr. Sandhu receives research funding from NIH, the American Heart Association, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Novartis, and Novo Nordisk. He receives consulting fees from Clerely, Holosis Health, and Reprieve Cardiovascular. Drs. Haverman, Shougaard, Cracchiolo, Cizek, and Brundage have no competing interests.
: This study did not require Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval because it did not involve human subjects, direct patient data, or interventions.
