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Authors
Ong, Siew Chin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-9588
Goh, Sook Pin https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5173-1686
Yeong, Siew Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4365-0244
Ng, Chow Kyn
Tan, Yi Jing https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5128-4877
Butt, Muhammad Daoud https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5050-8011
Kong, Kian Keong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-3340
Cheah, Sin Dee
Tan, Boon Seang
Lee, Jen Ven
Ahmad Bustamam, Ros Suzanna
Khor, Wei Wern
Ahamad Fouzi, Liyana
Abd Aziz, Aina Shafiza
Chieng, Su Yiu
Abd Rahim, Sarahfarina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (NMRR-20–2202-56545 [IIR]).
Consent to participate: All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment in this study.
Consent for publication: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients and the Director-General of Health Malaysia for the publication of this study.
