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Methylene blue removal by natural clay adsorbent: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses in batch and fixed-bed systems

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-025-03002-y

Published Online: 2025-10-25

Published Print: 2026-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Babakr, Karukh A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-2549
Aziz, Bakhtyar K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-4884
Shwan, Dler M. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-6719
Qader, Ibrahim Nazem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-3799
Kaufhold, Stephan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9945-5253
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-25

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-25
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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 11 October 2025

First Online: 25 October 2025

Declarations

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: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).