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Authors
Shi, Duyuan
Yao, Ru
Yang, Mengting
Jia, Shangang
Zhang, Hongxia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Youth Project (21NDQN216YB)
the Zhejiang Provincial Education Science Planning Project (2024SCG361)
the Zhejiang Provincial Soft Science Key Project for Youth (2021C25044)
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 17 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Board of Zhejiang Normal University, conducted in accordance with the ethics guidelines of the American Psychological Association, with informed consent obtained from school teachers and parents before the formal experiment; consent for publication is not applicable, and the authors declare no competing interests.
