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Article History

Received: 24 September 2025

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: R.V. declares research grants from Pfizer; fees for educational purposes from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, and Eli Lilly; and serving on scientific advisory boards for Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk (ORCID 0000-0003-0625-6667). M.L.P. declares serving on advisory boards for Novo Nordisk and Theras; and fees for lectures from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Bruno Farmaceutici (ORCID 0000-0002-7040-6466). I.D. declares research grants from AstraZeneca and Merck; fees for educational lectures from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Gefen Medical, Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, and Eli Lilly; and serving on scientific advisory boards for Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Novartis, Abbott, and Novo Nordisk (ORCID 0000-0003-0551-4759). G.L. declares consulting fees from Briya, Rafaa, and Ayala pharmaceuticals; and fees for lectures from Novo Nordisk, Hoffman La-Roche, and AstraZeneca (ORCID 0000-0001-7392-3082). M.Hal. declares serving on the advisory panel for Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Mundipharma; serving as a consultant for Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Astra Zeneca, and Mundipharma; receiving research support from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Bristol-Meyers Squibb; and receiving honoraria or consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Berlin Chemie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Zentiva, and Merck (ORCID 0000-0002-0201-6888). C.W.S. declares receiving fees for educational purposes from Sanofi and Novo Nordisk (ORCID: 0000-0003-3199-301). J.A.D. declares receiving grants, serving on advisory boards and receiving fees for educational lectures from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, and Servier (ORCID 0000-0003-3084-7408). F.A. declares no conflicts of interest (ORCID 0000-0003-4495-7704). S.A. declares receiving grants/research support from Novo Nordisk and Sanofi; serving on advisory boards and/or Speakers Bureau for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, and Sanofi; and serving as a speaker for Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Servier, Novartis, and Saja Pharma (ORCID 0000-0001-6546-8622). A.A. declares research grants from Novo Nordisk; and advisory boards fees for educational purposes from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Amgen, Algorithm, and Eli Lilly (ORCID: 0000-0001-9726-7753). R.B. declares serving on an advisory board for Boehringer Ingelheim; and receiving fees for lectures from Novo Nordisk (ORCID 0000-0001-9924-4301). M.Har. declares no conflicts of interest (ORCID 0000-0001-9761-9595). A.J. declares no conflicts of interest (ORCID: 0000-0001-9726-7753). M.K. declares no conflicts of interest (ORICD 0000-0002-7900-1094). S.K. declares no conflicts of interest (ORICD 0000-0003-3574-071). V.L. declares receiving honoraria for advisory boards, research grants, clinical trials, speakers’ bureau, and consulting from Novartis, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, MSD, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Vianex, AstraZeneca, Mylan, Amgen, ELPEN, Amryt, Medtronic, Menarini, Bios, and Abbott (ORCID 0000-0002-4620-4039). G.P. declares serving as an advisor and/or lecturer for AbbVie, Albireo, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, BioARS, Elpen, Genesis, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Ipsen, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Takeda, and Vir Pharmaceuticals; and receiving research grants from AbbVie, Gilead, Takeda, and Vianex (ORCID 0000-0002-3518-4060). M.P. declares serving on an advisory board for Grifols; and receiving fees for lectures from Novo Nordisk (ORCID 0000-0003-3662-4010). S.P. declares serving as a speaker and/or advisor for Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Madrigal, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Resalis (ORCID 0000-0002-0822-9673). C.S.P. declares no conflicts of interest (ORCID 0000-0001-8739-1961). A.P.S. declares serving on advisory boards for Astra Zeneca, Merck, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes, and Sanofi; serving as an investigator on clinical trials CREDANCE, REIMAGINE2, and ZEUS; and receiving speaker or consultant fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Coca-Cola, MSD, Medtronic, Dexcom, Roche Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Servier, and Worvag (ORCID 0000-0003-0555-526). K.T. declares receiving research grants from AbbVie and Gilead; and receiving fees for lectures and serving on advisory boards for Alfa Sigma, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Promed, Bausch Healthcare, and Takeda (ORCID 0000-0001-7868-2708).