Nachón, David José https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1090-9993
Ramírez-Romero, Eduardo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7228-6939
Paz, Anxo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1223-6200
Cousido-Rocha, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-8808
Izquierdo, Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-1354
Pennino, Maria Grazia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-2617
Cerviño, Santiago https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-0890
Funding for this research was provided by:
NextGenerationEU (Math4Fish: New Tools for Mathematical Modelling in Spanish Fisheries Science Advice (Axis 6))
NextGenerationEU (FishClim: Scientific Knowledge for the Adaptation of the Spanish Fishing Sector to Climate Change (Axis 4))
European Regional Development Fund (Improving Scientific Advice to Fishery Management for Resources of Interest for Spain in Atlantic Waters (IMPRESS—RTI2018-099868-BI00))
European Regional Development Fund (From Single Stock Assessment to Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management (FRESCO—PID2022-140290OB-I00))
Axencia Galega de Innovación (Competitive Reference Group - Modelling and Evaluation of Exploited Resources (CRG-MERVEX—IN607A 2022/04))
Instituto Español de Oceanografía
Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose Human and animals This study did not involve human participants or animals.
: Not applicable.