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Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Revised: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 5 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Education at Beijing Normal University (Approval Number: BNU202311100039). All procedures conducted in the study involving human participants were in compliance with the ethical standards set forth by the institutional and/or national research committee. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and strict measures were taken to ensure their complete anonymity.

: This manuscript is original, unpublished, and not under review elsewhere. All authors endorse its submission, and ethical guidelines were rigorously followed.

: There is no potential conflict or no relevant financial of interest in this study.