Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitas Negeri Malang (5.4.493/UN32.20.1/LT/2023, 4.4.590/UN32.14.1/LT/2024)
Article History
Received: 8 January 2025
Revised: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 26 July 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethics approval was granted by the Universitas Negeri Malang (project number 5.4.493).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.