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Authors
Özer-Aker, Ferah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8621-3522
Erdaş-Kartal, Eda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-827X
Mesci, Günkut https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-5993
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Milli Eğitim Bakanliği
Marmara University
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Revised: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted following the written ethical permissions obtained from the Turkish Ministry of National Education’s Inservice Teacher Training Directorate (Approved Permission Official Letter Number Information: Dated 07.02.2023 and Numbered E-43501582–774.01.01–70062946-2023000060) as well as participant in-service teachers.
: Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
