Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72474020)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074023)
Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation (21DTR054)
BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project (2024YCXZ016)
Beijing Institute of Technology Science and Technology Innovation Plan (2024CX13009)
Article History
Received: 26 December 2024
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
:
: There are no conflicts of interest.