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How much are LLMs changing the language of academic papers after ChatGPT? A multi-database and full text analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-026-05601-5

Published Online: 2026-04-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kousha, Kayvan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-971X
Thelwall, Mike https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-205X
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-03

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-03
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Article History

Received: 11 September 2025

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors are members of the Distinguished Reviewers Board of Scientometrics.