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Article History

Received: 14 March 2025

Accepted: 12 September 2025

First Online: 22 October 2025

Declaration

:

: The study was approved by the Department of Psychology Research Ethics Committee at the University of Warwick (protocol number: PSY_PGR_23-24/1).

: All participants provided written informed consent. All participants were informed about the right to leave the study and withdraw their data, as well as the right to omit or refuse to answer any question. After completing the study, all participants were debriefed.

: We confirm that we have read and are in compliance with the relevant guidelines in the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (pp. 13–15) concerning plagiarism, self-plagiarism and piecemeal publication of data, including the provisions for “alerting the editor”.

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.