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Authors
Melita, Davide https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-6735
Sánchez, Efraín García https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-5822
Willis, Guillermo B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-948X
Petkanopoulou, Katerina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-8987
Castro, Juan Diego García https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-6547
Bailón, Rosa Rodríguez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-0107
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology (PCI2020-112285)
Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2022-140252NB-I00)
Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (ANID/FONDAP/1523A0005)
Universidad de Costa Rica (723-C4-004, ANID/FONDAP/1523A0005)
Universidad Nacional de Educacion Distancia
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Article History
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 5 July 2025
Compliance of Ethical Standard Statement
: The present research was part of the UNDPOLAR-NORFACE Research Project. Approval for the research was obtained from the relevant university Ethics Committees before data collection commenced, and all participants provided written informed consent, adhering to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Participants read the following information sheet and gave their informed consent before participating in the study:Thank you for taking this survey. This survey is run by the University of Groningen (Toon Kuppens and Jochem van Noord, j.van.noord@rug.nl) and Sussex University (Matthew Eastebrook and Rebekka Kesberg, r.kesberg@sussex.ac.uk) and explores public opinion on politics in different European countries.The survey includes, amongst others, questions on your political opinions, your party preference, your general health, and whether you belong to an ethnic minority. You can always decide not to answer sensitive questions.Your answers will be processed and stored anonymously. We will not share your personal data with third parties. The researchers from the University of Groningen will share anonymous data publicly for reasons of research transparency and for future re-use by others.Ipsos hereby guarantees complete confidentiality, retention of your personal data only for the research scope and deletion of data after completion of the project. In the Ipsos privacy statement you can read how we respect and protect your personal information.Do you have questions/concerns about your rights as a research participant or about the conduct of the research? You may also contact the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences of the University of Groningen: ecbss@rug.nl.Do you have questions or concerns regarding the handling of your personal data? You may also contact the University of Groningen Data Protection Officer: privacy@rug.nl
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
