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Authors
Lu, Zhuofei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-3801
He, Yucheng https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8752-5746
Shi, Xiaomeng https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7072-5110
Xiao, Shirui https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3671-6824
Wang, Zhisheng
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Article History
Accepted: 27 June 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not needed for the present study because this study involves a routinely available, functionally anonymised, secondary dataset (with data subjects having consented to secondary research use).
: Informed consent has been obtained by UK time use centre; see more details from: .
: The authors declare no competing interests.
