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Authors
Anders, Jake https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-2884
Holt-White, Erica
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/X00015X/1)
UK Research and Innovation (ES/W001756/1)
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2024
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. The datasets analysed in this study are available to download from the UK Data Service (Wave 1: Anders et al., 2024a; Wave 2: Anders et al., 2024b). The study received full ethical approval from the UCL Institute of Education Research Ethics Committee (REC1660). It is registered with the UCL Data Protection Office (Z6364106/2022/06/30).
