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Article History

Accepted: 22 October 2024

First Online: 20 November 2024

Declarations

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: The data collection procedures adhered to the ethical approval protocols established by The University of Manchester. More information is available at this link University ethical approval | The University of Manchester. The research primarily focused on gathering operational details of disaster management, with interviews not anticipated to involve sensitive or personal information.

: Before data collection, participants provided consent for the collection of observations, audio-visual data, and access to documents, both private and official. These documents include policies, reports, written communication, meeting notes, and memos.

: Participants granted consent for the publication of research findings, ensuring confidentiality for both participants and the client organisation.

: The authors declare no competing interests.