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Rethinking ‘Thinking Skills’ in 21st-Century Education: Combining Conceptual Clarity with a Novel 4E Cognitive Framework

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-025-09997-0

Published Online: 2025-07-07

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Dunne, Gerry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-8027
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

University of Dublin, Trinity College
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-07

Version of Record valid from 2025-07-07
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Article History

Received: 9 October 2024

Revised: 22 May 2025

Accepted: 24 May 2025

First Online: 7 July 2025