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Authors
Bergold, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-9134
Kasper, Daniel
Wendt, Heike
Steinmayr, Ricarda
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2019
Accepted: 25 November 2019
First Online: 7 December 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: All instruments and procedures of the TIMSS/PIRLS 2011 assessments were checked by the data protection officers of the ministries of education in all 16 German federal states.
: Informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians for every student included in this study.
