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Authors
Kessels, Ursula https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-9442
Heyder, Anke
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (KE 1412/2-2)
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Article History
Received: 21 January 2020
Accepted: 5 March 2020
First Online: 8 April 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The German Research Foundation (DFG), the Senate Administration for Education, Youth, and Science in charge of approving empirical research in schools in Berlin, Germany, and the headmasters of the participating schools reviewed and approved the research protocol and questionnaires. A further approval of the protocol by the university ethics committee is not required for projects of this type because research on school students is under direct supervision of the Senate Administration for Education, Youth, and Science.
: Participation was voluntary and informed consent was secured from all participants. All participants were at least 14 years old, meaning that parental permissions did not have to be obtained according to the regulations of the Senate Administration. No identifying information was obtained from participants and we had no reason to assume that our study would do any harm. Participants were fully debriefed afterwards.
