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Authors
Gorgun, Guher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-9225
Kilmen, Sevilay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5432-7338
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2023
Accepted: 6 November 2023
First Online: 22 November 2023
Declarations
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: In this study, we used a publicly available data set, PISA 2018 which is available at . Therefore, ethical approval was not sought for the present study, and we assumed that ethical approval was gained by the OECD for all participants.
: All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
