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Article History

Received: 2 February 2024

Accepted: 16 December 2024

First Online: 31 December 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in conducting this research.

: This study has been conducted in accordance with ethical standards and has received formal ethical approval, as evidenced by approval number [AU-ENG-IA-20220919].

: All participants in this study voluntarily agreed to participate. Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from each participant.

: Consent for publication of the research findings has been obtained from all participants. They have been informed that the results may be published in a scientific journal, though their personal identities will remain confidential.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. Each participant was fully informed about the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks before their participation and signed a consent form.

: This research involved human participants. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.