Wang, Yuhan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4152-3280
Zhou, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-9438
Cao, Hongjian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-9499
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade de Macau (SRG2022-00037-FED, MYRG-GRG2024-00087-FED, MYRG-GRG2023-00033-FED)
Article History
Received: 8 August 2024
Accepted: 31 March 2025
First Online: 8 April 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was originally obtained from the institutional review boards of the 10 U.S. study sites in the NICHD SECCYD, and all participating families pro- vided written informed consents. The present secondary data analyses were approved by the local institutional review committee at Beijing Normal University, China.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.