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Authors
Cyr, Emily N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-1840
Spencer, Steven J.
Wright, Stephen C.
Steele, Jennifer R.
Kroeper, Kathryn M.
Colaco, Patricia
Dennehy, Tara C.
Shum, Priscilla Lok-Chee
Ballinger, Taylor
Nam, Haemi
Reeves, Stephanie L.
Wells, Mary
Schmader, Toni
Bergsieker, Hilary B.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (895-2017-1025)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Accepted: 31 March 2025
First Online: 28 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflicts of interest. Artificial intelligence was not used in any part of this research. All materials, including semi-structured intervention (and control) conversation details, are in the Supplement—as approved by research ethics boards at the University of Waterloo, University of British Columbia, and Simon Fraser University. We report all exclusions (see Method) and experiments (see Supplement). Although the main study was not preregistered, the research design and core hypotheses were reviewed by SSHRC prior to funding (in 2016). An online follow-up study was pre-registered (see Supplement). The de-identified datafile plus reproducible analytic code (written in SPSS syntax) are available at osf.io/r382a/.
