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Authors
Shin, Dajung Diane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-0229
Park, Seohee https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3466-1996
Kim, Ju Ae
Nagengast, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-8322
Bong, Mimi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-7026
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2023S1A5C2A02095547)
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval was not required for this study because the research involved the use of non-sensitive and completely anonymized data available through Gyeonggi Provincial Institute of Education, where appropriate permissions have already been obtained.
: All authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest. The funding source had no involvement in the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, the writing of this paper, or the decision to submit it for publication.
