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Moral disengagement and defender self-efficacy and their associations with defending, unconcerned bystanding, and guilty bystanding in school bullying

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-025-10156-z

Published Online: 2025-11-11

Published Print: 2025-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Thornberg, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-3862
Sjögren, Björn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-9829
Gini, Gianluca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-7550
Pozzoli, Tiziana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-553X
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Linköping University
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-11

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Article History

Received: 20 March 2025

Accepted: 29 October 2025

First Online: 11 November 2025