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Article History

Accepted: 23 June 2025

First Online: 5 July 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Writing— review & editing, supervision, methodology, conceptualization, and funding acquisition were performed by Qizhi Fang. Writing–original draft, visualization, software, and methodology were performed by Yubo Zhao. Writing—review & editing and validation were performed by Jingang Wang. Writing—review & editing was performed by Lili Zhang. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved of the final manuscript.

: This work was supported by the Liaoning Province Education Administration under Grant JYTMS20230243.

: The authors declare no Conflict of interest.

: Not applicable.