Appasami, G.
Savarimuthu, Nickolas
Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The MRI tumor image classification presented in this study is conducted using federated learning. The images are obtained from publicly available datasets and processed with deep neural networks. As the study does not involve human subjects and relies solely on publicly accessible data, ethical approval is not required and is therefore not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.