Zhu, Junjie
Li, Jin
Zhao, Shen
Deng, Yiyan
Miao, Yongming
Xu, Jun
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (No.2023YFC3402800))
ational Natural331 Science Foundation of China ((Nos. 82441028, 82441029, 62171230, 82302352))
iangsu Provincial Department of332 Science and Technology’s major project on frontier-leading basic research in technolog ((No.BK2023200)
Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This study does not involve any human participants, animal experiments, or clinical trials. All data used in the research were collected from publicly available sources. As no new data involving human participants or animals were collected, ethical approval was not required for this research. The authors affirm that the study complies with all ethical guidelines and regulations pertaining to data use and research conduct. The privacy rights of individuals were strictly observed throughout the research.