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Authors
Tian, Yahui
Zheng, Yibo
Liu, Yongwei
Wang, Yuehan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Non-invasive Central Venous Pressure Monitoring System (23372004D)
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This is a numerical simulation study for which no ethical approval was required.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
