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Authors
Ma, Fei
Zhang, Zhaohui
Yan, Fen
Chen, Meirong
Ma, Yuefeng
Guo, Yanfei
Meng, Jing
Cheng, Ronghua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology
the Natural National Science Foundation of China
Science and technology innovation project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission
Qufu Normal University Foundation for High Level Research
Academic-Enterprise Joint Research and Development Project
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This dataset collection was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Committee of the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and this study strictly followed the Declaration of Helsinki. The authors take full responsibility for all aspects of the work, ensuring that any issues concerning its accuracy or completeness are thoroughly investigated and addressed.
: The codes used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
