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Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Accepted: 8 October 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

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: During manuscript preparation, the authors used Grammarly, OpenAI ChatGPT o3 model (before August 2025) and 5 with Thinking model (after August 2025), and Google Gemini 2.5 Pro model for language editing (grammar, clarity, and stylistic polish) due to non-Native English. These tools were also consulted for preliminary, broad literature searches to identify potentially relevant works. All AI outputs were reviewed, revised, and verified by the authors; all citations suggested by these tools were independently checked for accuracy and relevance before inclusion. No AI system performed conceptual analysis, interpretation, or drawing of conclusions. No confidential, proprietary, or personal data was provided to these services. AI systems were not listed as contributors, and the human authors accept full responsibility for the manuscript’s content.

: The authors declare that no conflicting interests were involved in the conceptualization, writing, or publication of this paper.