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Authors
Muhammad, Thabet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1539-8213
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt
Egyptian Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority
Assiut University
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2020
Accepted: 1 April 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Declarations
: I certify that I am a faculty member in faculty of education, Assiut university, Egypt. I certify that I am affiliated with Assiut university which is among 150 Egyptian institutions which are participating in the transformative agreement between Springer Nature and Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). This agreement allows for me to publish open access (OA) in Springer Nature's portfolio of journals with fees covered under a transformative agreement plus fully OA agreement. The agreement will run through 31 December 2025.
: I certify that ethical approvals are not applicable.
: I certify that I do not have any conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this paper.
