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Article History

First Online: 29 November 2017

Compliance with ethical standards

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: Dr. Goldhaber has provided consulting for Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Portola, Daiichi-Sankyo, Janssen, BiO2 Medical, EKOS/ BTG, BMS, and Zafgen. Dr. Hernandez reports receipt of grant support from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Luitpold, Merck, and Novartis; and personal fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boston Scientific, Luitpold, and Novartis outside the submitted work. Dr. Hull reports grant support from Portola Pharmaceuticals during the conduct of the study, and grant support and personal fees from Leo Pharma outside the submitted work. Dr. Cohen reports grant support, personal fees, and non-financial support from Portola Pharmaceuticals during the conduct of the study; grant support, personal fees, and non-financial support from Daiichi-Sankyo, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, and Bayer Pharmaceuticals, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and Sanofi, and personal fees and non-financial support from Johnson & Johnson and Aspen Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Dr. Harrington reports grant support from Portola Pharma during the conduct of the study; grant support from CSL Behring, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Regado, and Sanofi Aventis, grant support and personal fees from Merck and The Medicines Company, personal fees from Amgen, Gilead Sciences, MyoKardia, and WebMD, and other support from Scanadu, SignalPath, Element Science, Vida Health, and Adverse Events outside the submitted work. Dr. Gibson reports grant support from Portola Pharmaceuticals during the conduct of the study, and grant support from Johnson & Johnson and Bayer outside the submitted work. The other authors report no conflict of interest.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.