Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 8 May 2025

First Online: 29 May 2025

Declarations

:

: FAK received research funding from Bayer, BMS, BSCI, AstraZeneca, MSD, Leo Pharma, Actelion, Farm-X, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, The Dutch Heart Foundation, and the Horizon Europe Program, all outside this work and paid to his institution. LH reports lecture/consultancy fees from Boston Scientific, INARI Medical, MSD and Johnson & Johnson, outside the submitted work. WA has participated in advisory boards for Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS-Pfizer, Leo Pharma, Norgine, Sanofi and Viatris. ELG has received speaker honoraria or consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Organon, Lundbeck Pharma and Novo Nordisk. He is investigator in studies sponsored by AstraZeneca, Idorsia and Bayer, and has received unrestricted research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim. IML has relationships with drug companies including AOP-Health, Actelion-Janssen, MSD, United Therapeutics, Pulnovo, Medtronic, NovoNordisk and Daiichi. In addition to being investigator in trials involving these companies, relationships include consultancy service, research grants, and membership of scientific advisory boards. FC reports having received research grant support from Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Merck Sharp and Dohme and fees for board memberships or symposia from Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Merck Sharp and Dohme, GlaxoSmithKline, Chiesi and Astra Zeneca and having received travel support from Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Leo Pharma, Sanofi and Chiesi. RB reports research support by the Bavarian State Ministry of Health, FADOI (Federazione delle Associazioni dei Dirigenti Ospedalieri Internisti), VIATRIS and personal fees from Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, VIATRIS outside the submitted work. SVK reports research grants or contracts to his institution from Bayer AG, Daiichi Sankyo, Boston Scientific Corp., Penumbra Inc., and Inari Medical; and personal consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Boston Scientific Corp., Penumbra Inc. and Inari Medical, all outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.