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Authors
Hammadeh, Bara M. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1025-1068
Hussein, Ayham Mohammad https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3277-1549
Alhamwi, Nesreen https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3015-3669
Odat, Ramez M.
Naseem, Masooma
Asawaeer, Majid
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: Owing to the nature of this research design involving synthesis of existing data, it is exempt from review by the institutional review board (IRB). As a result, no ethical approval was required for this article.
: All authors have been offered the opportunity to read the manuscript and clearly declare and consent for publication after approval.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
