Liu, Chao
Bi, Xue-bin
Xu, Jia-yu
Liu, Rui-xue
Zhang, Shu-feng
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions of the Department of Education of Hebei Province (ZC2023023)
Article History
Received: 22 November 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.