Luo, Chunsheng
Xu, Keke
Deng, Zhanyun
Gou, Honglin
Xiao, Chen
Franklin, Steven E.
Qian, Linmao
Chen, Lei
Funding for this research was provided by:
The project was supported by the Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System (No. 2023TPLT04)
the Tribology Science Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (No. SKLTKF24B08)
the National Key Research and Development Program of China--Young Scientist Program (2023YFB3405500)
the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52350411)
Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Nos. 2024JDHJ0006 and 2023NSFSC1988)
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 16 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.