Gana, J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-5297
Gcebe, N.
Moerane, R.
Ngoshe, Y. B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-6617
Tshuma, T.
Moabelo, K.
Adesiyun, A. A. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421
Funding for this research was provided by:
Red Meat Research and Development South Africa (2018-12-20)
University of Pretoria
Article History
Received: 9 November 2022
Accepted: 15 February 2024
First Online: 27 February 2024
Declarations
:
: Before the commencement of the study, approvals were obtained from the following bodies and committees: Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa (<i>REC 138–19</i>), Animal Ethics Committee (AEC) of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa (<i>REC 138–19)</i>, and Sect. 20 according to Act 35 of 1984 by the Director of Animal Health at the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), [Number: <i>12/11/1/1/8(1131</i>)] South Africa.
: Managers or owners of the cattle farms and beef abattoirs from where cattle and beef carcasses and environmental samples were collected for the study consented.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.