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Article History

Received: 7 August 2024

Accepted: 7 March 2025

First Online: 19 March 2025

Declarations

: We declare that we cannot afford the article processing charge as we are from Ethiopia which is one of the countries  classified by the World Bank  as low-income economies as of July 2023.

: The Ethical Review Board of woldia University evaluated and approved the study technique with the approval number of WLDU/IRB020/01/2022. This committee adhered to the National Research Ethics Review Guidelines established by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in 2014. Additionally, we secured verbal consent from the respondents to take information from them and their animals. The animals received care in accordance with the highest veterinary standards.

: The authors declare the absence conflicts of interest for this article.