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Effect of Kalahari melon essential oil (Citrullus lanatus), butyric acid, and their blend in grower pig diets on blood hematology, nutritional status, liver enzyme activity, and oxidative stress

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04529-x

Published Online: 2025-07-24

Published Print: 2025-09

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Nhara, Rumbidzai Blessing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1896
Marume, Upenyu
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-24

Version of Record valid from 2025-07-24
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Article History

Received: 12 March 2024

Accepted: 6 June 2025

First Online: 24 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The experimental procedure and designs of the study were approved by the North-West University Animal Production Research Ethics committee (NWU-AnimProdREC) and it was granted ethics number NWU-02010–20-A5.

: Not applicable

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interest.

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