Document is current

Article History

Received: 30 January 2025

Accepted: 17 October 2025

First Online: 29 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This manuscript reports on a study involving one-humped camels and adheres to the ethical standards set forth in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All procedures were approved by the appropriate ethics committee (IR.UM.REC.1402.232), ensuring compliance with guidelines for the ethical treatment of animals in research. Informed consent was obtained from all camel owners prior to participation, and all efforts were made to ensure humane treatment throughout the study. All procedures were non-invasive, including blood sampling, and conducted under the supervision of trained personnel to minimize discomfort. Any identifying information about the camel subjects has been omitted to maintain privacy. This research contributes valuable insights into camel health and husbandry, ultimately benefiting species welfare.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript. No financial support or sponsorship was received beyond the stated funding source, and the authors have no personal relationships or affiliations that could influence the outcomes. All potential conflicts of interest have been disclosed in accordance with ethical publishing guidelines.