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Authors
Shahrai, Nurul Nuraliya
Yusop, Salma Mohamad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-4257
Ali, Maimunah Mohd
Saim, Mohd Hanis Mohd
Aziz, Ahmad Rodzian Pok Abdul
Hashim, Muhamad Hidayat Mohd
Ueda, Shuji
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (GUP-2024-103)
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was provided by the UKM Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, under the reference FST/UKM/2024/SALMA MOHAMAD YUSOP/27-MAC./1420-APR.-2024-SEP.-2026.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
