Kachali, Righteous Wanangwa https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7941-3331
Safalaoh, Andy C. L.
Sanudi, Thomson
Chimonyo, Vimbayi Petrova Grace
Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR). All animal procedures adhered to LUANAR’s institutional guidelines for the ethical care and use of animals in research.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.