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Authors
Ali, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-4623
Derar, Derar R.
Almushawwah, Khalid S.
Elfeky, Abdelfattah
Almzid, Thamer S.
Alharbi, Yousef M.
Alam, Saher
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declaration
:
: The Animal Care and Welfare Committee of the Deanship of Scientific Research at Qassim University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia approved this study (No: 12/45-46). All procedures complied with welfare standards; hormonal and antibiotic administrations were conducted under veterinary supervision, and no adverse effects were observed.
: There are no conflicts of interest.
